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• Single Ventricle Anomalies.
• Single Ventricle Anomalies and Fontan Circulation.
• What is a single ventricle cardiac anomaly?.
• The term "single ventricle anomaly" is purposely non-specific. ...
• Some of the anomalies described as single ventricle defects include: .
• Double inlet left ventricle .
• Some variations of double outlet right ventricle.
• Diagnosing and evaluating single ventricle anomalies.
• Cardiac catheterization is only occasionally necessary in a newborn with a single ventricle anomaly, if there are details of the anatomy that cannot be determined by echocardiogram. However, patients with single ventricle anomalies will have a cardiac catheterization prior to the second surgery (Glenn shunt) and again before the third surgery (Fontan procedure). ...  These pressure measurements are important in determining if a patient with a single ventricle anomaly is a good candidate for surgery. ...
• In the normal heart each ventricle does a separate job. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, the left ventricle  pumps blood to the body. ...
• In a single ventricle heart, there is only one ventricle large enough to do a normal job of pumping blood. Thus, we need to configure the circulation to maximize the efficiency of this single ventricle. ...
• This ultimately requires committing the single ventricle to doing the harder work of the heart, pumping blood to the body. ...

• That formed by the plexuses of the lateral ventricle passes through the interventricular formina into the third ventricle. Since the fluid flows through the cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle , which it leaves by the median and to lateral foramina (of Magendie and Luschka) of the 4th ventricle to reach the subarachnoid space covering the cerebrum and also the spinal cord. ...

•  ABIOMED Home > News > ABIOMED AB5000 Ventricle Patient Supported for more than 37 days, Saved on Christmas Eve .
• ABIOMED AB5000 Ventricle Patient Supported for more than 37 days, Saved on Christmas Eve.
• (NASDAQ: ABMD) a manufacturer of products for circulatory care and support, today announced that a patient has survived after being on AB5000 ventricle support for both sides of his heart for 37 days.

• Colloid Cyst of the Third Ventricle: Imaging-pathologic Correlation .
• Summary: Colloid cysts are relatively rare intracranial lesions located in the rostral aspect of the third ventricle. ...
• The most common imaging finding is that of a rounded mass in the anterior aspect of the third ventricle. ...
• The patient was a 36-year-old woman with a medical history significant for AIDS with multiple opportunistic infections, including Pneumocystis carinii and Mycobacterium kanasii pneumonias, cerebral toxoplasmosis, and cryptococcal meningitis as well as a history of a colloid cyst of the third ventricle detected by CT (Fig 1A). ... Postoperative CT showed decompression of only one ventricle (Fig 1C). ... Neuropathologic examination showed a colloid cyst of the third ventricle and HIV encephalitis. The underlying cause of death was acute obstuctive hydrocephalus with uncal herniation, secondary to a colloid cyst of the third ventricle. ...
• A, Baseline noncontrast axial 5-mm section shows hyperdense colloid cyst (arrow) in the rostral aspect of the third ventricle. ...
• C, CT obtained immediately after the initial ventriculostomy shows a right-sided catheter that has decompressed the lateral ventricle. The left lateral ventricle remains enlarged and there is mild midline shift to the right. A small amount of blood is present in the right lateral ventricle secondary to catheter insertion.
• 5-cm colloid cyst filling and distending the rostral third ventricle (Fig 3A). ...
• The fornices are lifted and the third ventricle is expanded.
• Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are rare lesions comprising 0. ...
• Although the great majority of colloid cysts arise in the anterior third ventricle, rare examples in the lateral ventricles, fourth ventricle and outside the ventricular system have been reported (9–11). ...
• The consistent site of origin in the anterosuperior aspect of the third ventricle belies the controversial histogenesis of colloid cysts. ... Colloid cysts of the third ventricle may arise from detached, nondegenerating embryonic vesicular recesses. Shuangshoti, 10 years later, suggested that colloid cysts of the third ventricle were derived from neuroepithelium, including ependyma and choroid plexus, and favored the term "neuroepithelial cyst" (13). ...

• Most of the patients with congenital heart diseases express the atrial myosin light chain 1 (ALC-1) in the right ventricle. We investigated the functional consequences of ALC-1 expression on the myosin cycling kinetics in the intact sarcomeric structure using multicellular demembranated fibers (``skinned fibers'') from the right ventricular infundibulum of patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), double outlet right ventricle (DORV), and infundibular pulmonary stenosis (IPS). ... 9% ALC-1) ventricle. ...

• Diastolic Heart Failure — Abnormalities in Active Relaxation and Passive Stiffness of the Left Ventricle.
• Diastolic Heart Failure — Abnormalities in Active Relaxation and Passive Stiffness of the Left Ventricle .
• It has traditionally been thought that the pathophysiological cause of heart failure in these patients is an abnormality in the diastolic properties of the left ventricle; however, this hypothesis remains largely unproven. ...

• O2 uptake and glycogenolytic rate were determined in atrium, ventricle, and conotruncus in the absence or presence of glucose. ... 04 nmol glucose U(h·µg protein) in atrium, ventricle, and conotruncus, respectively. Mechanical loading of the ventricle increased its oxidative capacity by 62% without altering glycogenolysis or lactate production. ...

• Mathematical models were developed to reconstruct the action potentials (AP) recorded in epicardial and endocardial myocytes isolated from the adult rat left ventricle. ... In combination, these calculations provide novel, quantitative insights into the repolarization process and its naturally occurring transmural variations in the rat left ventricle. ...
• In the left ventricle, the electrophysiological properties of the epicardial and the endocardial cells differ primarily with respect to their repolarization characteristics, with the epicardial myocytes displaying shorter action potential durations (APD). ...
• The adult rat has been widely used as an experimental model to investigate the electrical heterogeneity in the left ventricle under normal conditions (Clark et al. ... It is therefore of great interest and potential significance to understand the ionic mechanisms and their interactions that underlie the intrinsic electrical heterogeneity in the healthy adult rat left ventricle. ...
• Recent experiments also suggest the existence of a transmural gradient of the Na+ current (INa) in the rat left ventricle, with higher densities reported in the endocardium (Ashamalla et al. ...
• The mathematical models for the epicardial and endocardial cells of the rat left ventricle are based on the classical formulation of Hodgkin and Huxley (1952) and are therefore somewhat similar to our previous computational work (Demir et al. ...
• Voltage clamp measurements in the adult rat left ventricle have shown that the density of It is significantly smaller, and the reactivation kinetics are much slower in the endocardial cells than the epicardial myocytes (Clark et al. ...
• FIGURE 7   (A) Simulated current-voltage (I-V) curve for It in epicardial (, solid line) and endocardial (, dashed line) myocytes, which were isolated from the adult rat left ventricle (cf. ...
• The densities of ICaL, IK1, and Iss have been found to be similar in the epicardial and the endocardial regions of the rat left ventricle (Clark et al. ...
• A somewhat similar and significant variability in action potential morphology has been observed in myocytes isolated from the endocardial surface of the left ventricle in ferrets (Brahmajothi et al. ...
• It is absent in guinea pig ventricular cells, and the regional electrical heterogeneity in the guinea pig ventricle is mediated via the delayed rectifier (IK) and an Na+-dependent background current (Main et al. ... In addition to It, the transmural differences in the canine ventricle are found to be mediated via other ionic mechanisms, which include the slowly activating delayed rectifier (IKs) (Liu and Antzelevitch, 1995), a late sodium current (Eddlestone et al. ...
• These models also offer important additional insights regarding the ionic mechanisms that underlie the epicardial and endocardial action potential heterogeneity in the adult rat left ventricle, and illustrate the interesting and highly nonlinear interactions between the major time- and voltage-dependent channel mediated currents, currents due to antiporters and/or pumps, and the small background current. ...
• Thus the density of INa is almost identical in myocytes isolated from the left ventricular endocardium and the right ventricle, but is smaller (by 33%) in the left ventricular epicardial myocytes. ... These values are in close agreement with experimental measurements carried out in rat myocytes isolated from the right ventricle, which were 80. ...

• Regional nonuniformity of normal adult human left ventricle .
• When we looked around the circumference of the ventricle, the anterior part of the LV was the flattest and thinnest and showed the largest wall thickening (46. ...
• It is evident from these studies that the myocardial strain pattern is complex and closely related to the variations in transmural fiber orientation, irregular shape of the left ventricle (LV), and local differences in ventricular morphology, i. ...
•   Magnetic resonance (MR) tagging of the left ventricle (LV). ...
• The regional results for morphology and strain are grouped as differences going through the wall, from base to apex and around the circumference of the ventricle. ...
• Thus more reliable estimates of regional LV wall stress have to take into account these variations in LV morphology, but on the other hand this variation, present in the normal ventricle, could be used to calculate regional stress-strain relations and so to quantify myocardial contractility without the need of preload or afterload changes. ...
• The differences in strain in the septum are very likely related to the presence of the right ventricle. Because the outer myocardial layers in the septum represent the inner layers of the right ventricle working at much lower pressure values, this might be an important factor in the higher strain values. ...
• Different regions of the ventricle thus exhibit a variable contribution of thickening, global circumferential inward motion, and longitudinal shortening to the ejection of blood, and wall thickening certainly does not show the most simple, direct, and easy relation. ...
• Rotational deformation of the canine left ventricle measured by magnetic resonance tagging: effects of catecholamines, ischaemia, and pacing. ...
• Relationship between myocardial fiber direction and segment shortening in the midwall of the canine left ventricle. ...
• Shortening in the fiber and cross-fiber directions in the normal human left ventricle and in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. ...
• Finite strains in anterior and posterior wall of canine left ventricle. ...
• Transmural myocardial deformation in the canine left ventricle. ...
• Relation between transmural deformation and local myofiber direction in canine left ventricle. ...
• Transmural cardiac strains in the lateral wall of the ovine left ventricle.

• Little is known about RFs and suction in the failing ventricle. ...
• Diastolic suction results from compression and/or deformation of elastic elements in the wall of the ventricle, with storage of potential energy generated during systole in the form of a restoring force (RF) that is converted to recoil and ultimately kinetic energy (mitral inflow) during filling. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Inherent in this definition is the requirement that the ventricle be the source of energy driving mitral flow, ie, it must actively lower its pressure below the atrium. ...
• Little is known about the ability to utilize suction in the failing ventricle. ...
• Because untwisting presumably reflects elastic recoil, this observation suggests a change in the behavior of the "springs" responsible for recoil such that for a given amount of deformation the rate of return to the resting state is slower in the failing ventricle. ...
• During the course of a nonfilling diastole, these deformations return to the resting state as the ventricle relaxes, ie, they do not influence the FRP. ...
• Passive properties of the canine left ventricle: diastolic stiffness and restoring forces. ...
• Relation between longitudinal, circumferential, and oblique shortening and torsional deformation in the left ventricle of the transplanted human heart. ...
• An optical device to measure the dynamics of apex-rotation of the left ventricle. ...
• Residual strains in the rat left ventricle. ...

• Periventricular differences were noted in the occipital tail, in the roof and medial aspects of the atrium, in the bodies of the lateral ventricles adjacent to both the corpus callosum and the fornix, in the frontal horns in areas adjacent to the caudate nucleus and also more rostrally adjacent to frontal white matter, in the fourth ventricle adjacent to the vermis of cerebellum, and around the third ventricle. (Because there were no group differences with respect to intrathalamic size and in lateral perithalamic white matter tracts, the signal intensity differences observed in the third ventricle suggest that abnormalities exist only at the thalamic-third ventricle interface and not in the thalamus itself. ...
• The periventricular signal intensity differences—evident from the fourth ventricle through to the frontal horns—corroborate the consistent volumetric MR reports of ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia (1–7). ...
• (The same argument may be applied to all linear and planar ventricle-brain ratio measurements. ...
• Van Horn JD, McManus IC: Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of studies of the ventricle:brain ratio (VBR). ...
• Bornstein RA, Schwarzkopf SB, Olson SC, Nasrallah HA: Third-ventricle enlargement and neuropsychological deficit in schizophrenia. ...
• Pearlson GD, Kim WS, Kubos KL, Moberg PJ, Jayaram G, Bascom MJ, Chase GA, Goldfinger AD, Tune LE: Ventricle-brain ratio, computed tomographic density, and brain area in 50 schizophrenics. ...

• Identification of Gating Modes in Single Native Na+ Channels From Human Atrium and Ventricle .
• In 17 cell-attached patches containing only one channel, fast back and forth switching between five different Na+-channel gating modes (F-mode, M1-mode, M2-mode, S-mode, and P-mode) was identified, but no difference in the gating properties was found between normal and diseased cardiomyocytes from atrium or ventricle, respectively. ...
• To our knowledge, this is the first description of the gating characteristics of single native human cardiac Na+ channels in atrium and ventricle. ...
• All gating modes were found in both normal and diseased human atrium and ventricle, but no regulation site is yet detected. ...
• Na channel kinetics during the spontaneous heart beat in chick ventricle cells. ...

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